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Two Men Contemplating the Moon
''Two Men Contemplating the Moon'' ((ドイツ語:Zwei Männer in Betrachtung des Mondes)) is one of the best known paintings by Caspar David Friedrich. Friedrich painted several versions, and also a variant in which the two figures are a man and a woman (1835). The 1819/20 version in the Galerie Neue Meister in Dresden is thought to be the original.
==Image description and composition==
The painting depicts a foreground scene of two men on a mountain path, which leads up from the centre bottom of the picture to the left. The man on the right is wearing a grey-green cape and the black beret of the ''altdeutsche Tracht'' and has a stick in his right hand. The man on the left is somewhat higher on the path and is leaning on his companion's shoulder; he is slimmer and is wearing a grey-green frock-coat, from which a white collar protrudes, and the black cap of an early ''Burschenschaft'', its ribbon tied under his chin. They are both looking at the sickle of the waxing moon and the evening star. The moon's night side is lit by earthshine. The scene is framed by an uprooted and moss-grown oak on their right, whose branches reach out to those of a spruce on their left; a boulder prevents the oak from falling, and there is another boulder on the left. In the background the landscape falls away; the tops of pine trees suggest a forest. In the immediate foreground are a tree stump and a large dry branch lying on the ground. The painting is almost monochromatic in shades of brown and grey, depicting nightfall.
The Dresden version is generally held to be the original, because it most perfectly exemplifies the golden section in the ratios between the central vertical axis, the perpendicular axis between it and the star, and the other axis running through the older man's eye.〔Werner Busch, ''Caspar David Friedrich. Ästhetik und Religion'' Munich: Beck, 2003, p. 179 .〕 The German art historian Werner Busch sees the geometric layout as signalling the transcendent message of the two figures' experience of nature.〔Busch, p. 185.〕 As in many paintings by Friedrich, there is no middle ground; the foreground earthly scene is contrasted with the lighted sky and the abyss at the two men's feet made perceptible through this contrast, which exemplifies the antithetical relationship of rational, palpable earthly space and irrational and sublime infinity explored by the Romantic painters. The composition places these in a harmonious relationship.〔Willi Geismeier, ''Caspar David Friedrich'', 5th ed. Leipzig: Seemann, 1990, ISBN 9783363003406 .〕 It has been described as a defining image of German Romanticism.〔Busch, p. 172.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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